[ { "id": "eumc_2005", "name": "EUMC Working Definition of Antisemitism", "short_name": "EUMC working definition", "issuer": "European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC), Vienna", "date": "2005-03", "date_label": "March 2005", "official_url": "", "other_urls": [ "https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081104021358/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/56589.htm" ], "structure": "a core definition of two sentences and a short paragraph on how antisemitism is expressed, followed by six general examples (two of which mention Israel), five further examples about the State of Israel, a sentence on criticism of Israel, and three short paragraphs on criminal acts and discrimination.", "summary": "The EUMC issued this text as a working definition for its national monitors, after a drafting process that the American Jewish Committee says it led from late 2004 at the invitation of the EUMC director. The core describes antisemitism as a perception of Jews that can take the form of hatred, with spoken, written and physical expressions aimed at Jews, non-Jews, their property and Jewish institutions. The general examples cover calls for violence, conspiracy myths, collective blame and Holocaust denial. A separate list sets out ways antisemitism can appear in relation to the State of Israel, including denial of Jewish self-determination, double standards, classic antisemitic imagery applied to Israel, comparisons with Nazi policy and holding Jews collectively responsible for Israel, and the text adds that criticism of Israel of the kind directed at other countries is not antisemitic. The IHRA working definition of 2016 reproduces this text with minor edits and a statement that it is not legally binding.", "status": "removed from the website of the EU Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA), the EUMC's successor, in late 2013; an FRA spokesperson told JTA on 4 December 2013 that the agency knew of no official definition", "corpus_note": "No official copy is online; the link leads to an archived copy published by the US Department of State.", "sources": [ "https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081104021358/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/56589.htm", "https://docs.house.gov/meetings/JU/JU00/20171107/106610/HHRG-115-JU00-Wstate-BakerR-20171107.pdf", "https://www.jta.org/2013/12/04/global/eu-anti-racism-agency-unable-to-define-anti-semitism-official-says" ] }, { "id": "ihra_2016", "name": "IHRA non-legally binding working definition of antisemitism", "short_name": "IHRA working definition", "issuer": "International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA), Plenary in Bucharest", "date": "2016-05-26", "date_label": "26 May 2016", "official_url": "https://holocaustremembrance.com/resources/working-definitions-charters/working-definition-antisemitism", "other_urls": [ "https://holocaustremembrance.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/IHRA-non-legally-binding-working-definition-of-antisemitism-1.pdf" ], "structure": "a core definition of two sentences and an introductory paragraph, followed by eleven contemporary examples, seven of which concern the State of Israel, and three short paragraphs on criminal acts and discrimination.", "summary": "The IHRA Plenary decided in Bucharest to adopt the core definition, which describes antisemitism as a perception of Jews that may be expressed as hatred, with rhetorical and physical manifestations aimed at Jewish or non-Jewish individuals, their property, and Jewish community institutions and religious sites. The examples are presented as illustrations to guide the IHRA's work and are to be read in their overall context. The first four examples concern violence, conspiracy myths, collective blame and Holocaust denial; the remaining seven concern Israel, covering accusations about the Holocaust directed at Israel, dual loyalty, denial of Jewish self-determination, double standards, classic antisemitic imagery, comparisons with Nazi policy and collective responsibility for Israel's actions. The introductory paragraph states that the targeting of Israel as a Jewish collectivity can be a manifestation, and that criticism of Israel like that made of any other country is not antisemitic. The text is the EUMC working definition of 2005 with minor edits.", "status": "adopted by the IHRA Plenary on 26 May 2016 as non-legally binding; on 6 December 2018 the Council of the EU called on member states that had not yet done so to endorse it", "corpus_note": "", "sources": [ "https://oir.utk.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2025/08/IHRA-non-legally-binding-working-definition-of-antisemitism-1.pdf", "https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-15213-2018-INIT/en/pdf", "https://docs.house.gov/meetings/JU/JU00/20171107/106610/HHRG-115-JU00-Wstate-BakerR-20171107.pdf" ] }, { "id": "ihra_germany_extended_2017", "name": "IHRA working definition in the extended form endorsed by the German federal government (erweiterte Arbeitsdefinition)", "short_name": "IHRA, German extended form", "issuer": "Bundesregierung (German federal cabinet)", "date": "2017-09-20", "date_label": "20 September 2017", "official_url": "https://dserver.bundestag.de/btd/19/004/1900444.pdf", "other_urls": [], "structure": "the two-sentence IHRA core definition followed by one added sentence stating that the State of Israel, understood as a Jewish collective, can also be a target of such attacks.", "summary": "The federal cabinet endorsed the IHRA working definition on 20 September 2017 and added a third sentence to its core. The added sentence draws on the IHRA introductory paragraph, which says that the targeting of Israel as a Jewish collectivity can be a manifestation of antisemitism. As the Bundestag motion of 16 January 2018 reproduces it, the extended text consists of these three sentences; it does not include the IHRA sentence about criticism of Israel comparable to criticism of other countries, nor the IHRA list of examples. The motion welcomes the cabinet decision and recommends that schools, adult education, the courts and the police take the extended definition into account in training.", "status": "endorsed by the federal cabinet on 20 September 2017 as a non-binding text; welcomed in Bundestag motion Drucksache 19/444 of 16 January 2018", "corpus_note": "Cited in saved documents from Berlin, Bremen, Hamburg, Munich, Augsburg and Dortmund.", "sources": [ "https://dserver.bundestag.de/btd/19/004/1900444.pdf", "https://www.juedische-allgemeine.de/politik/bundesregierung-beschliesst-arbeitsdefinition", "https://www.bpb.de/themen/antisemitismus/dossier-antisemitismus/555654/definitionen-von-antisemitismus/" ] }, { "id": "jda_2021", "name": "The Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism", "short_name": "Jerusalem Declaration (JDA)", "issuer": "Scholars in antisemitism studies and related fields, convened under the auspices of the Van Leer Jerusalem Institute", "date": "2021-03-25", "date_label": "25 March 2021", "official_url": "https://jerusalemdeclaration.org/", "other_urls": [], "structure": "a preamble, a one-sentence definition and fifteen guidelines in three sections of five: general guidelines (1 to 5), examples about Israel and Palestine that on their face are antisemitic (6 to 10), and examples about Israel and Palestine that on their face are not antisemitic (11 to 15).", "summary": "The declaration was drafted by scholars who met in online workshops from June 2020 and was launched with 210 signatories; its website listed more than 400 in November 2026. Its definition describes antisemitism as discrimination, prejudice, hostility or violence directed at Jews, or Jewish institutions, because they are Jewish. The general guidelines treat antisemitism as a form of racism and address stereotypes, conspiracy claims, Holocaust denial and coded forms. The second section lists Israel-related speech and conduct the declaration treats as antisemitic, such as applying classic antisemitic imagery to Israel, holding Jews collectively responsible for Israel, requiring Jews to condemn Israel, presuming Jews disloyal to their own countries, and denying Jews in Israel the right to live there as Jews. The third section lists speech and conduct it treats as not antisemitic in itself, such as support for Palestinian rights, criticism or rejection of Zionism, evidence-based criticism of Israeli policy, and boycott, divestment and sanctions; the declaration's own materials describe it as a response to the IHRA working definition.", "status": "published by its signatories; no issuing government or intergovernmental body", "corpus_note": "", "sources": [ "https://jerusalemdeclaration.org/" ] }, { "id": "nexus_2021", "name": "The Nexus Document", "short_name": "Nexus Document", "issuer": "Nexus Task Force (initially hosted by the Knight Program on Media and Religion, Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California; now affiliated with the Center for the Study of Hate at Bard College)", "date": "2021-02", "date_label": "February 2021, updated June 2024", "official_url": "https://nexusproject.us/the-nexus-document/", "other_urls": [], "structure": "an introduction with a one-paragraph definition and a paragraph on Israel as a target of antisemitic behaviour, a section of nine numbered points on what is antisemitic (one with five sub-points), and a section of five numbered points on what is not antisemitic.", "summary": "The Nexus Document is drawn from a white paper the Nexus Task Force published in November 2020, and the Task Force presents it as a guide for policymakers and community leaders in the United States on the relation between antisemitism and Israel. Its definition describes antisemitism as anti-Jewish beliefs, attitudes, actions or systemic conditions, including conditions that prevent Jews from taking part as equals in public life. The first section treats as antisemitic the use of antisemitic myths and tropes about Israel or Zionism, collective blame of Jews for Israel's actions, attacks on Jews because of their relation to Israel, denial of Jewish self-determination, and treating Israel differently solely because it is a Jewish state; it also asks that claims of antisemitism made by Jews be given serious attention. The second section states that criticism of Zionism and Israel, opposition to Israeli policy and nonviolent political action aimed at Israel are not antisemitic as such, and that disproportionate attention to Israel is not by itself proof of antisemitism.", "status": "published by the Nexus Task Force; current text is the June 2024 update", "corpus_note": "", "sources": [ "https://nexusproject.us/the-nexus-document/" ] }, { "id": "cdmx_lped_art4", "name": "Ley para Prevenir y Eliminar la Discriminación de la Ciudad de México, art. 4 (Antisemitismo)", "short_name": "Mexico City anti-discrimination law, art. 4", "issuer": "Asamblea Legislativa del Distrito Federal (now Congreso de la Ciudad de México)", "date": "2014-09-08", "date_label": "8 September 2014 (added); reworded 14 October 2020", "official_url": "https://data.consejeria.cdmx.gob.mx//images/leyes/leyes/LEYPARAPREVENIRYELIMINARLADISCRIMINACIONDELACDMX3.pdf", "other_urls": [ "https://paot.org.mx/centro/leyes/df/pdf/2024/Ley_PreveniryEliminar_2024.pdf", "https://paot.org.mx/centro/leyes/df/pdf/2014/114302LEY_PREV_ERR_DISCRIMINACION_24_02_2011.pdf" ], "structure": "one entry in the glossary of terms in article 4 of a city anti-discrimination statute, now fraction VI, with antisemitism in any of its manifestations also listed as a form of discrimination in article 5.", "summary": "The law was first published in the Gaceta Oficial del Distrito Federal on 24 February 2011, and its original article 4 contained no entry for antisemitism. A reform published on 8 September 2014 added one, as fraction IV, describing antisemitism as a specific phenomenon made up of forms of rejection of, and discrimination against, people of Israeli origin and people of the Jewish religion. A reform published on 14 October 2020 reworded the entry, now fraction VI: it describes antisemitism as a phenomenon arising from a particular perception of people of the Jewish religion or of Israeli origin, which can be expressed as rejection of and discrimination against them, their property, Jewish community institutions and their places of worship. The entry has no examples and does not refer to the State of Israel or to speech about Israel.", "status": "in force; the 2020 wording is unchanged in the compilation with last reform published 29 November 2024", "corpus_note": "The saved copy of the law in the corpus carries the 2014 wording, at fraction IV; the current official text has the 2020 wording, at fraction VI.", "sources": [ "https://data.consejeria.cdmx.gob.mx//images/leyes/leyes/LEYPARAPREVENIRYELIMINARLADISCRIMINACIONDELACDMX3.pdf", "https://paot.org.mx/centro/leyes/df/pdf/2014/114302LEY_PREV_ERR_DISCRIMINACION_24_02_2011.pdf", "https://www.icnl.org/wp-content/uploads/Mexico_distrito.pdf", "https://paot.org.mx/centro/leyes/df/pdf/2024/Ley_PreveniryEliminar_2024.pdf" ] }, { "id": "florida_s1015", "name": "Florida Statutes s. 1.015, Antisemitism", "short_name": "Florida s. 1.015", "issuer": "Florida Legislature (House Bill 187, chapter 2024-262, Laws of Florida)", "date": "2024-06-24", "date_label": "24 June 2024 (approved by the Governor); in effect 1 July 2024", "official_url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/1.015", "other_urls": [ "https://laws.flrules.org/2024/262" ], "structure": "five subsections: legislative intent, the IHRA core definition, eleven lettered contemporary examples, seven of which concern Israel, an exclusion for criticism of Israel similar to criticism of any other country, and a rule of construction protecting First Amendment rights and antidiscrimination law.", "summary": "The statute writes the IHRA working definition into the general provisions of the Florida Statutes, with a stated purpose of helping to monitor and report antisemitic hate crimes and discrimination. The definition and the eleven examples follow the IHRA text with small changes in wording, such as Jewish individuals in place of Jews. The four non-Israel examples cover violence, conspiracy myths, collective blame and Holocaust denial; the seven Israel examples cover Holocaust accusations against Israel, dual loyalty, denial of self-determination, double standards, classic imagery, Nazi comparisons and collective responsibility. A separate subsection excludes criticism of Israel similar to criticism of any other country, and the last subsection says the section may not be read to limit First Amendment rights or to conflict with federal or state antidiscrimination laws.", "status": "in force since 1 July 2024; the history note in the 2026 Florida Statutes lists only s. 1, ch. 2024-262, with no later amendment", "corpus_note": "Cited by Miami-Dade County in its 2024 resolution updating the county's definition.", "sources": [ "https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/1.015", "https://laws.flrules.org/2024/262" ] } ]